References
Datasets
Malo, P., H. Lu, M. Ahlgren, S. Rönnqvist, and P. Nyberg. (2014). FinancialPhraseBank-v1.0. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2512146 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2512146
Sinha, A., Joglekar, M., & Murphy, F. (2018). FiQA: Financial Opinion Mining and Question Answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.09431.
Araci, D. (2019). FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.10063.
TheFinAI. (2023). NWGI: News with GPT Instruction. Hugging Face Dataset. https://huggingface.co/datasets/TheFinAI/NWGI_test
FinGPT. (2023). FinGPT Headline Classification. Hugging Face Dataset. https://huggingface.co/datasets/FinGPT/fingpt-headline-cls
FinGPT. (2023). FinGPT Named Entity Recognition. Hugging Face Dataset. https://huggingface.co/datasets/FinGPT/fingpt-ner-cls
Loukas, L., Fergadiotis, M., Chalkidis, I., Spyropoulou, E., Malakasiotis, P., Androutsopoulos, I., & Paliouras, G. (2022). FiNER-139: Financial Numeric Entity Recognition for XBRL Tagging. Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 4419-4431.
Soumya, A., & Joshi, A. (2021). FNXL: Financial Numerical Expression Labeling. GitHub Repository. https://github.com/soummyaah/FNXL
Han, K., Wang, D., & Zha, D. (2023). XBRL Terminology. GitHub Repository. https://github.com/KirkHan0920/XBRL-Agent/blob/main/Datasets/XBRL%20Terminology.xlsx
Wang, D., Han, K., & Zha, D. (2023). XBRL Analysis Dataset. Hugging Face Dataset. https://huggingface.co/datasets/wangd12/XBRL_analysis
Han, K., Wang, D., & Zha, D. (2023). Financial Math Formulas. GitHub Repository. https://github.com/KirkHan0920/XBRL-Agent/blob/main/Datasets/formulas_with_explanations_with_questions_with_gt.xlsx
Han, K., Wang, D., & Zha, D. (2023). FinanceBench. GitHub Repository. https://github.com/KirkHan0920/XBRL-Agent/blob/main/Datasets/financebench.xlsx
Large Language Models
Wu, S., et al. (2023). BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.17564.
Touvron, H., et al. (2024). Llama 3: A Family of State-of-the-Art Open Language Models. Meta AI.
DeepSeek-AI. (2024). DeepSeek V3: A Powerful Open-Source Language Model. DeepSeek AI.
OpenAI. (2024). GPT-4o: Advancing Multimodal Understanding. OpenAI.
Google. (2024). Gemini 2.0: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models. Google AI.
LoRA Methods
Hu, E. J., Shen, Y., Wallis, P., Allen-Zhu, Z., Li, Y., Wang, S., … & Chen, W. (2022). LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models. International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).
Dettmers, T., Pagnoni, A., Holtzman, A., & Zettlemoyer, L. (2023). QLoRA: Efficient finetuning of quantized LLMs. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36, 10088-10115.
Liu, S. Y., Wang, C. Y., Yin, H., Molchanov, P., Wang, Y. C. F., Cheng, K. T., & Chen, M. H. (2024). DoRA: Weight-decomposed low-rank adaptation. Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning.
Kalajdzievski, D. (2023). Rank-stabilized scaling factor for LoRA adaptation. arXiv preprint.
Liu, X. Y., Zhu, R., Zha, D., Gao, J., Zhong, S., White, M., & Qiu, M. (2025). Differentially private low-rank adaptation of large language model using federated learning. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, 16(2), 1-24.
Youbang Sun, Zitao Li, Yaliang Li, and Bolin Ding. Improving loRA in privacy-preserving federated learning. In The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations, 2024.
Other Papers
Zhang, T., Kishore, V., Wu, F., Weinberger, K. Q., & Artzi, Y. (2019). BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.09675.
Wang, D., Patel, J., Zha, D., Yang, S. Y., & Liu, X. Y. (2025). FinLoRA: Benchmarking LoRA Methods for Fine-Tuning LLMs on Financial Datasets. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.19819.
Haokun Liu, Derek Tam, Mohammed Muqeeth, Jay Mohta, Tenghao Huang, Mohit Bansal, and Colin A Raffel. Few-shot parameter-efficient fine-tuning is better and cheaper than in-context learning. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 35:1950–1965, 2022.
Jiayu Liu, Zhenya Huang, Tong Xiao, Jing Sha, Jinze Wu, Qi Liu, Shijin Wang, and Enhong Chen. SocraticLM: Exploring socratic personalized teaching with large language models. In The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2024.]
Qianqian Xie, Weiguang Han, Zhengyu Chen, et al. FinBen: An holistic financial benchmark for large language models. In The Thirty-eight Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track, 2024.